Annual Report : 2002

1. Research Activities

1-1. Major Areas of Research

The reconfigured ReCCLE has started in April 2002 with the following basic philosophy and objectives.

Basic Philosophy
Conservation and wise use of coastal lagoon and estuarine environments to ensure sustainable development of human society and the surrounding natural environment

Objectives
･Unraveling the mechanism of environmental change in brackish-water zones in relation to the complex systems of nature and mankind
･Developing a new model for the wise use of brackish-water environments

In order to achieve these objectives, ReCCLE is reconfigured into two research segments, namely; Biodiversity Research and Environmental Change Research. The main research components of each of these two segments are as follows:

Biodiversity Research
･ Surveying the fauna and flora in coastal lagoons and estuarine zones
･ Creating biological wealth by restoring the degraded environments
･ Promoting sustainable development
･ Restoring natural wetlands

Environmental Change Research
･ Observation and analysis of the ongoing processes of environmental change
･ Understanding the processes and mechanisms of preservation of environmental information in bottom sediments, with an emphasis on hydrocarbon accumulation related to global environmental change
･ Decoding and analysis of long-term environmental change, based on the records contained in bottom sediments

Besides these long-term goals, ReCCLE's research teams are also geared up to handle any short-term and time-bound projects which demand immediate attention/solution, as and when such requirements/contingencies arise.

1-2. Funds Received from External Sources during 2002

(a) KAKEN, Ministry of Education and Science
･ KIBAN (A)(2); Study on restoration and conservation of brackish water zones subsequent to the aborted reclamation in Lake Nakaumi; for K. Takayasu et al., \11,000,000 in 2002 (total \32,600,000 from 2001 to 2003).
･ KIBAN (B)(2); Conservation and restoration of endangeredwater plants in brackish water regions; for H. Kunii et al., \2,100,000 in 2002. (total \10,700,000 from 2001 to 2002).
･ WAKATE (B); Historical changes of ancient climate recorded in Antarctic lakes; for K Seto, \2,200,000.

(b) Recipient Study
･ Izumo Construction Office, Ministry of Land, Transport and Infrastructure; Investigation of conservation and restoration of water plants in Lakes Nakaumi and Shinji" for H. Kunii, \5,500,000.
･ Hoshizaki Green Foundation; Field investigation of endangered plants in water zones near Lakes Shinji and Nakaumi; for H. Kunii, \300,000.

(c) Collaborative Study
･ Tokuoka Brackish Environment Institute, Co. Ltd.; Study on brackish environment and hypoxia in Lakes Nakaumi and Shinji; for K. Takayasu, \500,000.

(d) Donation for studies
･ Shimane Prefectural Institute for Environment and Health; Application of satellite remote sensing in coastal environment; for K. Takayasu, \250,000.
･ Shimane Prefectural Institute for Environment and Health; Investigation of fish fauna in Kitaura and Furuura; for M. Horinouchi, \150,000.

(e) Other funds
･ Environmental Study Fund, Sumitomo Foundation; Role of reed zones in coastal ecosystems - what types of effects does a decrease and extinction of reed zones have on fish community? -; for M. Horinouchi, \1,200,000.

1-3. Publications and presentations (2002 or later)

(a) Research Papers
Studies mainly related to "Diversity Research"

武村武, 田中規夫, 浅枝隆, 國井秀伸, 今田直人, 古里栄一 (2003) 汽水域に生育するオオクグ (Carex rugulosa Kukenth) の保全に対する生長解析の適用. 水工学論文集, 47巻 (印刷中).

Kunii, H., Sunanisari, S., Fukuhara, H., Nakajima, T. and Widjaja, F. (2003) Leaf expansion rate and life span of floating leaves in Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) Sowerby growing in Kebun Raya, Bogor. Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Land Management and biodiversity in Sutheast Asia.17-20 September 2002, Bali, Indonesia.

Kurata, K., Kozuki, Y., Kitano, M., Otsuka, K. and Murakami, H. (2003) Influence of sea cucumber on sediment improvement in a closed aquatic environment. Ecovision monograph (in press).
(堆積物食者マナマコによる堆積物とアオサの同化率を室内実験から調べ、 堆積物の酸化還元電位と硫化物濃度に及ぼす影響を野外実験から調べた.マナマコの存在により 堆積物表層の性状が改善されることを示した。「生物多様性を取り巻く劣化した環境の修復技術の確立」)

Kitano, M., Kurata, K., Kozuki,Y., Murakami,H., Yamasaki,T., Yoshida,H. and Sasayama, H. (2003) Effects of deposit feeder Stichopus japonicus on algal flourish and organic matter contents on bottom of enclosed sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin special issue for EMECS 2001 (in press).
(マナマコを入れた水槽と入れない水槽における底質の変化を測定した。マナマコのいない水槽では表面に 微小藻類が繁茂してクロロフィル色素の濃度が高かったが、マナマコを入れた水槽ではクロロフィル色素 濃度は低かった。「生物多様性を取り巻く劣化した環境の修復技術の確立」)

上田薫利, 上月康則, 倉田健悟, 村上仁士, 白鳥実, 桂義教 (2002) 干潟生態系の構造把握を 目的とした底生生物調査手法の現状と課題. 海岸工学論文集, Vol. 49, pp. 1111-1115.
(干潟環境の調査の信頼性を評価するため、既存の現地調査の結果を統計的に解析し、調査方法の特徴と 課題を抽出した。これに基づいて適切な調査方法や調査結果の信頼性の評価手法を提案した。 「生物多様性を取り巻く劣化した環境の修復技術の確立」)

Nakamura, Y., Horinouchi, M., Nakai, T. and Sano, M. (2003) Food habits of fishes in a seagrass bed on a fringing coral reef at Iriomote Island,southern Japan. Ichthyological Research 50 (1) (in press).
(琉球諸島西表島のサンゴ礁に隣接したアマモ場に出現した魚類の餌利用パターンを精査した ところ、各種は餌利用パターンの類似性から7群に分類され、種数では小型甲殻類を主に 利用するものが最も多いことが分かった。また本調査域のアマモ場は、温帯域のアマモ場に 比べてデトリタス食、植物食、魚類食が相対的に多く、浮遊動物食が少ないのが特徴であった。 「汽水域の複雑な環境を利用した生物の生活史戦略の解明」)

園田武, 中尾繁, 高安克己 (2002) サロマ湖の多毛類群集の構造特性と漁場環境: 過去20年間の変化傾向. LAGUNA (汽水域研究), (9), 19-30.
(1995年に採集したサンプルを中心に、過去20年間の調査記録で読みとれる漁場環境の 変化について検討した。「汽水域の生態系と漁業のかかわりに関する研究」)

Studies mainly related to "Environmental Change Research"

浜田哲弘, 作野裕司, 高安克巳, 瀬戸浩二, 赤木三郎, 西田良平, 田中禅蔵, 村田祐司, 浅村久志, 福田啓子 (2002) 湖山池の湖底堆積物に包埋される珪藻からみた古環境変遷. LAGUNA (汽水域研究), (9), 9-17.
(湖山池で採取したコアサンプルの珪藻分析から過去の塩分変化、水理状況などを推定した。 「古環境解読に関する研究」)

作野裕司, 本井裕志, 松永恒雄, 古津年章, 高安克己, 下舞豊志, 中山大介 (2002) 衛星光学センサを 用いた汽水域のクロロフィル濃度推定の可能性 -宍道湖・中海における2001年の現場調査結果. LAGUNA (汽水域研究), (9), 55-61.
(すでに著者らが提案したクロロフィル濃度推定のアルゴリズムをより精度を 高めるために、現場観測との併用で衛星データを検討した。「現行過程の研究」)

市川啓祐, 古津年章, 下舞豊志, 高安克己, 作野裕司, 松永恒雄 (2002) 衛星搭載合成開口レーダに よる汽水域の環境観測:湖上風速分布推定可能性の予備検討. LAGUNA (汽水域研究), (9), 63-75.
(全天候型の合成開口レーダのイメージから汽水域の環境を読みとる試験的研究として、通常の方法では 観測不可能な湖上の風速・風向分布を観測地点の実測値との比較で検討した。「現行過程の研究」)

高安克己 (2002) 沿岸潟湖形成史からみた閉鎖的水域における恒久的貧酸素水塊の発生条件. 第12回 環境地質学シンポジウム・地質環境国際シンポジウム論文集, 451-456.
(コアに見られる縞状堆積物を恒久的貧酸素水塊形成の指標とみなし、その条件を埋積速度、 水深、全有機炭素量について検討した。「古環境解読に関する研究」)

Nageswara Rao, K., Sadakata, N., Hema Malini, B., Sarma, V.V.L.N., Takayasu, K.and Kawase, M. (2003) Reconstruction of the Late Holocene Progradation of the Godavari Delta, India: A Preliminary Study. Transactions, Japanese Geomorphological Union, Vol. 24, No. 3 (in press).
(インド半島東岸のゴダワリデルタの形成史を地形、地質、古生物から検討し、過去2000年間で 急速にデルタの前進とラグーンの埋積が起こったことを明らかにした。「古環境解読に関する研究」)

瀬戸浩二, 伊村智, 坂東忠司, 神田啓史 (2002) 南極湖沼に記録された完新世の古環境. 月刊地球, 24, 1, 31-36.
(南極湖沼には4つのタイプの湖があり、それぞれ特異な堆積物が認められる。そのような湖沼から柱状試料が得られ、 個々の湖沼に完新世の古環境変遷史が記録されていることが明らかとなった。湖水面の標高が9ｍの丸湾大池では、 約3500年前に海洋から塩湖に移り変わった。過去3500年間の相対的海水準変動の速度は、2.8mm/yrと非常に速い。 「古環境解読に関する研究」)

三浦英樹, 前杢英明, 瀬戸浩二, 森脇喜一 (2002) リュツォ・ホルム湾周辺の隆起海浜堆積物から 見た第四紀後期の南極氷床変動と古環境. 月刊地球, 24, 1, 37-43.
(東南極のリュツォ・ホルム湾周辺の隆起海浜堆積物を掘削して、原地成の貝化石を多数採取した。 これら隆起海浜の堆積構造、貝化石の産出状況、14C年代および酸素同位体比にもとづいて、 この地域の最終氷期以降の南極氷床変動像について議論した。「古環境解読に関する研究」)

三浦英樹, 奥野淳一, 中田正夫, 瀬戸浩二, 五十嵐厚夫, 前杢英明, 高田将志, 森脇喜一 (2002) 海洋酸素同位体 ステージ3における南極氷床縁辺部の融解の可能性 -第四紀後期の両極氷床の挙動と原因-. 月刊地球, 24, 1, 65-69.
(第四紀後期の東南極氷床の挙動を示す地形地質学的証拠が増加し、隆起海浜堆積物から得られた海水準変動に 基づく氷床モデルの数値計算も行われるようになった。これらの結果に基づき、第四紀後期の南極氷床変動と 北半球氷床変動を比較し、東南極の氷床変動の原因について考察した。「古環境解読に関する研究」)

菅本尚子, 瀬戸浩二 (2002) 広島県君田地域に分布する備北層群 -非海成堆積物の堆積環境について-. 島根大学地球資源環境学研究報告, 20, 99-107.
(広島県君田地域に分布する備北層群において淡水環境から内湾環境に至る変化過程の堆積相解析 およびTOC濃度などの元素分析を行った。その結果、陸上の扇状地からファンデルタの変化過程で塩性湿地環境が 成立し、盆地を埋積したことが明らかとなった。「古環境解読に関する研究」)

Tanaka, G., Seto, K., Mukuda, T. and Nakano, Y. (2002) Middle Miocene ostracods form the Fujina Formation, Shimane Prefecture, Southwest Japan and their paleoenvironmental significance. Paleontological Research, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 1-22.
(島根県宍道湖南岸に分布する布志名層の介形虫化石を解析した。その結果、布志名層は冷水環境のもとで 堆積したことが明らかとなった。「古環境解読に関する研究」)

Nomura, R. and Seto, K. (2002) Influence of marine construction on environments of the brackish Lake Nakaumi, southwest Japan: Foraminiferal evidence. Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, Vol. 108, No. 6, 394-409.
(中海の本庄水域において、底生有孔虫が消滅していることが明らかとなった。これは水域の閉鎖による、 塩分躍層の消滅・酸化的環境によって引き起こされた。「保存過程の研究」)

(b) Books

Tongnunui, P., Tanyaros, S., Medej, T., Kurokura, H., Horinouchi, M., et al. (2002) Illustrated fish fauna of a mangrove estuary at Sikao, southwestern Thailand, Trang Project for Biodiversity and Ecological Significance of Mangrove Estuaries in Southeast Asia, Rajamangala Institute of Technology and the University of Tokyo, Trang and Tokyo, 60p.

(c) International Symposium and Workshop

Kunii, H., Sunanisari, S., Fukuhara, H., Nakajima, T. and Widjaja, F. (2002) Leaf expansion rate and life span of floating leaves in Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) Sowerby growing in Kebun Raya, Bogor. International Symposium on Land Management and Biodiversity in Southeast Asia,17-20 September, Bali, Indonesia.

Ichikawa, K., Kozu, T., Shimomai, T., Sakuno, Y., Matsunaga, T. and Takayasu, K. (2002) Feasibility of spaceborne SAR monitoring of coastal lagoon environments. The 23rd International Symposium on Space Technology and Science, Matsue, Japan.

Khelifi, O., Kozuki, Y., Murakami, H., Kurata, K. and Kono, Y. (2002) Porous carriers made from industrial solid wastes as new buffer for phosphate uptake in seawater. International Conference 'From Nutrient removal to recovery', Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Yamasaki, T., Kurata,K., Kozuki,Y., Morita, M., Sasayama, H. and Murakami, H. (2002) Removal efficiency of deposited organic matter utilizing feeding habits of Stichopus japonicus. PACON 2002 The Ocean Century, Chiba, Japan.

Seto, K., Imura, S., Moriwaki, K. and Miura, H. (2002) Paleoenvironmental change in the Holocene sediments of Lake Maruwan Ooike on the Rundvagshetta, Soya Coast, Antarctica. -The history of the regression of the ice sheet and uplift of Soya Coast-. The AGU 2002 Fall Meeting, San Francisco, USA.

(d) Reports and other Publications

國井秀伸 (2002) 宍道湖・中海で起こったこと. 科学, 72, 87-89.

國井秀伸 (2002) 水生植物の生態と移入と移出. 第43回日本水環境学会セミナー講演資料集, 54-66.

國井秀伸 (2002) 中海・宍道湖-干拓淡水化中止後の湖の再生に向けて-. 地理, 47, 36-42.

瀬戸浩二, 荒木久美子 (2002) 南西オホーツク海から得られたコアに含まれる有孔虫殻の酸素・炭素同位体比. 千島弧-東北日本弧会合部の海洋地質学的研究. 平成13年度研究概要報告書, 216-227, 地質調査所.

(e) LAGUNA
ReCCLE publishes the journal 'LAGUNA' periodically, the Volume # 9 of which has been released in August 2002. At present, Volume # 10 of the journal is under the editorial process. ReCCLE has decided that the fundamental editorial policy of 'LAGUNA' should be changed from the present journal style to be a bulletin mainly for recording and accumulation of basic data.

(f) ReCCLE Open Seminar
ReCCLE organizes an open seminar "Studies on Brachish Water Zones" for the citizens every year, during January with active contributions from teaching staff, as well as extramural and collaborative researchers. The 10th Open Annual Seminar was held on January 10, 2003 at the Shimane Prefectural Citizens' Hall. During the first session, ten research presentations based on the interim reports on the KAKEN funded project "Study on restoration and conservation of brackish water zones subsequent to the aborted reclamation in Lake Nakaumi" were made followed by another 22 presentations on general topics during the second session. Altogether 75 delegates from Shimane prefecture and other regions have participated in the seminar.

1-4. Evaluation and Future Perspectives
With the joining of new staff this year, ReCCLE has expanded its ecological studies on the dynamics of the water bodies and the primary production, in addition to the existing research topics that are continued from the Center's pre-reconfigured period. It is noticeable that a paradigm shift from the basic research to the applied aspects is started emerging. However, a lot of data already generated still remained to be analyzed, resulting in the delay of submission of papers for journal publication. The methods of investigation need to be improved for an in-depth analysis of a given problem before rushing for publication of the available data. As previously suggested, the number of publications in international standard journals is to be increased in future.

2. Educational Activities
2-1. Undergraduate Students
2-2. Graduate Students and Foreign Students

2-3. Evaluation and Future Perspectives
Although ReCCLE does not have any teaching program of its own, the staff members of the Center are sharing the teaching workload of both graduate and undergraduate courses of other departments in the University in their respective fields of specialization. Moreover, as one of the staff members has joined the Center in the middle of the academic year, he had to handle many classes to the graduate and undergraduate students in order to complete the course work, leading to insufficient guidance to the students. ReCCLE needs to make new adjustments and reorganize its programs in order to solve these problems next year. Further, ReCCLE plans to start a graduate program of its own in the thrust area of coastal zone studies, besides a doctoral program to attract international students also to pursue their research in the Center.

3. International Relationship Activities
3-1. Overseas Investigations and Collaborative Study

3-2. Evaluation and Future Perspectives
ReCCLE had relatively less activity in international relationships this year, because of the major concentration on the works related to reconfiguration and reorganization of the Center during the year. Dr. Kunii visited Indonesia through the fund "Scientific Relationships between Southeast Asian Nations by JSPS" and acquired the information on ecology of water plants. Besides, a few personal relationships were made by the staff to accept foreign researchers to carryout collaborative works at ReCCLE. The strategy for improving international relationships needs to be carefully planned to strengthen the future research programs of ReCCLE.

4. Social Activities
4-1. Open Lectures, Invited Lectures and Citizen's Lectures
4-2. Scientific Society
4-3. Committee

4-4. Evaluation and Future Perspectives
ReCCLE had a variety of social enlightenment activities, such as open seminars and university's events worthy to be evaluated. ReCCLE, however, has not attained the top influential position in leading the opinions on the eco-restoration subsequent to the mid-course abandonment of both the reclamation activities in Lake Nakaumi as well as the attempts to convert Lake Shinji into a freshwater body, although the ReCCLE in its pre-reconfigured times had played a significant role in providing many opportunities for useful discussions related to earlier issue of reclamation of Honjo area in Lake Nakaumi.